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Bharati, Jaya
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics and Prilled Fat Supplementation on Immune Genes Expression and Lymphocyte Proliferation of Transition Stage Karan Fries Cows
Authors
1 Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, IN
2 Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar - 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 209-214Abstract
Background and Aim: Probiotics are the living microorganism which when administered improves the digestion and health of the animal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) improves the humoral and innate immunity of the animal. Prilled fat is a hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride which has been reported to promote the release of cytokines from macrophages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic and prilled fat during transition stage in Karan Fries (KF) cows.
Materials and Methods: A total of 12 KF cows at 21 days prepartum were selected and divided into two groups of six animals each. The control group was fed as per the standard feeding practices and the supplemented group cows were supplemented daily with prilled fat at 100 g/cow, SC at 25 g/cow, and sweetener at 1 g/cow in addition to the standard feeding practices from −30 days of prepartum to 21 days of lactation. The sweetener was added to improve the palatability of the feed. The natural sweetener of an African plant leave had 105 times more sweetness than glucose with good aroma. The dry matter intake of the animal was recorded. Plasma samples were collected weekly from all cows for the analysis of blood metabolite beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood for studying the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and for estimating lymphocyte proliferation index (LPI).
Results: The upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α around calving might be possibly associated to the metabolic changes occurring during the transition period and suggest a higher degree of inflammation around parturition. High concentrations of BHBA caused increased expression and synthesis of the pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β in supplemented group in primary calf hepatocytes. The LPI was higher in supplemented group as compared to control which suggests a stimulatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids on mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation.
Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of probiotics, prilled fat, and sweetener alleviated negative energy balance by stimulating feed intake and modulating hepatic lipid metabolism; and both of these additives improved the postpartum health (antioxidant status and immune function) of transition dairy cows.
Keywords
Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Crossbred Cows, Dry Matter Intake, Interleukin-1β, Lymphocyte Proliferation Index, Prilled Fat, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha.- Study of Skin Diseases in Incumbent Prison Inmates
Authors
1 Former PG Resident, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College and Hospital & Research Centre, Adgaon, Nashik – 422003, Maharashtra, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik - 422003, Maharashtra, IN
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik – 422003, Maharashtra, IN
4 Senior Resident, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik – 422003, Maharashtra, IN
Source
MVP Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 7, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 277-281Abstract
Introduction: Dermatological diseases in prison is still an under-researched field and the importance of identifying and treating them promptly has recently been recognized. Skin diseases are common among prisoners especially those from developing countries due to the substandard living conditions such as overcrowding with hot and humid environment. Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the occurrence of various dermatological diseases among prison inmates. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cohort study of inmates at Nashik Central Jail, Maharashtra was done for a duration of 6 months between February to July 2018. Results: Out of 3609 inmates, 532 inmates (461 males and 71 females) aged 23–62 years were suffering from various skin diseases. Most common skin disease were infectious dermatoses (72.18%, n=384). Amongst infections, fungal contributed to maximum cases (85.93%, n=330) of cases followed by bacterial infection (13.84%, n=53). Infestations were second most common skin disease (20.86%, n=111). Rest were less 7% of cases. Conclusion: Prison inmates are prone to develop various skin infections and infestations due to poor standard of living. They are often neglected & may pose a danger of spreading skin infections among other prison inmates & in the community eventually. Appropriate and adequate health policies can prevent skin disease in prison.Keywords
Eczema, Papulosquamous, Infection, Infestation, Prison, Skin DiseasesReferences
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